Introduction In this essay, I will present a preliminary argument for a working hypothesis: that Xuánzàng 玄奘 (602–664) was not a devotee o...

In this short essay, I will challenge a universal presupposition about the Heart Sutra , i.e. that the lines that appear to be spoken to Śā...

In my 2019 article on Xuanzang and the Heart Sutra , I argued that is was implausible for Xuanzang to have been involved in any clandesti...